Morse Code Chart
Complete International Morse Code reference — every letter, number, symbol, and prosign with their dot-and-dash equivalents.
Alphabet (A–Z)
Numbers (0–9)
Numbers in Morse code always use exactly 5 elements. Notice the pattern: 1–5 start with dots, 6–0 start with dashes.
Punctuation & Symbols
Punctuation marks use longer sequences (5–6 elements). They're less commonly used but essential for clear written communication.
Prosigns (Procedure Signals)
Prosigns are special sequences used to control the flow of communication. They're sent as a single unit without inter-character spacing.
Timing Rules
All timing in Morse code is relative to the dot length. At 20 WPM, one dot = 60 milliseconds.
Signal Duration
Spacing (silence)
Visual Example: "HI" in Morse Code
Memory Patterns
These patterns can help you remember characters faster. Note: audio/rhythm learning is still the best long-term approach.
Opposites Pair Up
A (· −) ↔ N (− ·)
D (− · ·) ↔ U (· · −)
B (− · · ·) ↔ V (· · · −)
F (· · − ·) ↔ L (· − · ·)
Number Patterns
1 (· − − − −) → 1 dot, then dashes
2 (· · − − −) → 2 dots, then dashes
3 (· · · − −) → 3 dots, then dashes
5 (· · · · ·) → All dots (midpoint)
0 (− − − − −) → All dashes
Single Elements
E (·) — Shortest letter (most common)
T (−) — One dash (2nd most common)
Common Words
SOS — · · · − − − · · · (universal distress)
OK — − − − − · − (confirmation)
CQ — − · − · − − · − (calling all stations)
Letter Frequency in English
Morse code was designed so that the most common letters have the shortest codes. Here's why E is just a single dot:
More frequent letters → shorter Morse code → faster transmission. This was intentionally designed by Alfred Vail.
How to Read This Chart
A dot is a short signal. When spoken aloud, say "dit" (or "di" if not the last element).
A dash is a long signal (3× the dot). When spoken aloud, say "dah".
A slash separates words. Each word is separated by 7 unit-lengths of silence.
Try It Yourself
Use our free translator to convert any text to Morse code instantly. See the patterns from this chart in action.